A l’occasion de cette Journée mondiale de la liberté de la presse du 3 mai, Reporters sans frontières a fait paraître le baromètre de la liberté de la presse 2015. Une journée et un baromètre qui sont spécialement dédiée aux 24 journalistes tués, aux 158 journalistes emprisonnés, aux 13 collaborateurs emprisonnés et aux 1, 76 net-citoyens emprisonnés. À noter que la France se classe en 38e position. Pas de quoi pavoiser, mais plutôt de s’inquiéter du recul du fonctionnement et de l’idéal démocratiques dans un pays qui se gargarise d’être la patrie des Droits de l’homme.
Tous les ans, la Journée mondiale de la liberté de la presse organisée par l’UNESCO permet de célébrer les principes fondamentaux de la liberté de la presse, d’évaluer la liberté de la presse à travers le monde, de défendre l’indépendance des médias et de rendre hommage aux journalistes qui ont perdu leur vie dans l’exercice de leur profession. Le thème de 2015 est : « Laissez le journalisme prospérer ! Vers une meilleure couverture de l’information, l’égalité des sexes et la sécurité à l’ère du numérique ». Le 3 mai a été proclamé Journée mondiale de la liberté de la presse par l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies en 1993, suivant la recommandation adoptée lors de la vingt-sixième session de la Conférence générale de l’UNESCO en 1991.
Le Classement mondial de la liberté de la presse de Reporters sans frontières (RSF) permet d’établir la situation relative de 180 pays au regard notamment de leurs performances en matière de pluralisme, d’indépendance des médias, de respect de la sécurité et de la liberté des journalistes. En tête de l’édition 2015 du Classement mondial de la liberté de la presse figurent, comme souvent, trois pays nordiques, la Finlande, première depuis cinq ans, la Norvège et le Danemark. À l’autre bout du spectre, les situations les pires sont relevées au Turkménistan, en Corée du Nord et en Érythrée, 180e sur 180. La France figure à la 38e place (+ 1), les Etats-Unis à la 49e (- 3), le Japon à la 61e (- 2), le Brésil à la 99e (+12), la Russie à la 152e (- 4), l’Iran à la 173e (stable) et la Chine à la 176e (- 1). Le Classement mondial de la liberté de la presse met en évidence une détérioration globale en 2014. Éprouvée par les conflits, la menace accrue d’acteurs non étatiques, les exactions commises lors de manifestations et par la crise économique et financière, la liberté de la presse régresse sur les cinq continents.
Rang | Pays | grave entorse liberté |
Score avant entorse |
score total |
Différence avec score 2014 | Diff. rang 2014 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Finland | 7.52 | 7.52 | -1.12 | 0 | |
2 | Norway | 7.75 | 7.75 | -1.23 | +1 | |
3 | Denmark | 8.24 | 8.24 | -0.81 | +4 | |
4 | Netherlands | 16.09 | 7.5 | 9.22 | -2.76 | -2 |
5 | Sweden | 9.47 | 9.47 | -0.49 | +5 | |
6 | New Zealand | 16.09 | 8.55 | 10.06 | -1.51 | +3 |
7 | Austria | 13.86 | 10.1 | 10.85 | -0.84 | +5 |
8 | Canada | 10.99 | 10.99 | 0 | +10 | |
9 | Jamaica | 6.93 | 11.18 | 11.18 | -0.28 | +8 |
10 | Estonia | 11.19 | 11.19 | -1.56 | +1 | |
11 | Ireland | 11.2 | 11.2 | -0.33 | +5 | |
12 | Germany | 16.09 | 10.32 | 11.47 | -1.24 | +2 |
13 | Czech Republic | 11.62 | 11.62 | -1.55 | 0 | |
14 | Slovakia | 11.66 | 11.66 | -0.27 | +6 | |
15 | Belgium | 11.98 | 11.98 | +0.82 | +8 | |
16 | Costa Rica | 12.26 | 12.26 | -0.03 | +5 | |
17 | Namibia | 12.5 | 12.5 | 0 | +5 | |
18 | Poland | 19.46 | 11.03 | 12.71 | -1.68 | +1 |
19 | Luxembourg | 13.61 | 13.61 | -6.91 | -15 | |
20 | Switzerland | 13.85 | 13.85 | -3.38 | -5 | |
21 | Iceland | 13.87 | 13.87 | -5.37 | -13 | |
22 | Ghana | 17.92 | 14.89 | 15.5 | +0.79 | +5 |
23 | Uruguay | 15.94 | 15.94 | +0.14 | +3 | |
24 | Cyprus | 16.52 | 16.52 | -2.07 | +1 | |
25 | Australia | 6.93 | 17.03 | 17.03 | -0.12 | +3 |
26 | Portugal | 17.11 | 17.11 | +0.62 | +4 | |
27 | Liechtenstein | 17.67 | 17.67 | -10.65 | -21 | |
28 | Latvia | 18.12 | 18.12 | +2.98 | +9 | |
29 | Suriname | 18.2 | 18.2 | 0 | +2 | |
30 | Belize | 18.54 | 18.54 | -1.49 | -1 | |
31 | Lithuania | 16.09 | 18.8 | 18.8 | +0.4 | +1 |
32 | Andorra | 19.87 | 19.87 | -13.05 | -27 | |
33 | Spain | 16.09 | 19.95 | 19.95 | +0.68 | +2 |
34 | United Kingdom | 20 | 20 | -0.07 | -1 | |
35 | Slovenia | 20.55 | 20.55 | -0.17 | -1 | |
36 | Cape Verde | 20.69 | 20.69 | -6.37 | -12 | |
37 | Eastern Caribbean | 17.92 | 21.02 | 21.02 | -0.21 | -1 |
38 | France | 24.85 | 20.23 | 21.15 | +0.74 | +1 |
39 | South Africa | 10.99 | 22.06 | 22.06 | +1.13 | +3 |
40 | Samoa | 22.32 | 22.32 | -0.3 | 0 | |
41 | Trinidad and Tobago | 22.39 | 22.39 | +0.89 | +2 | |
42 | Botswana | 6.93 | 22.91 | 22.91 | 0 | -1 |
43 | Chile | 25.65 | 22.33 | 23 | +2.8 | +15 |
44 | Tonga | 23.37 | 23.37 | +3.33 | +19 | |
45 | El Salvador | 23.03 | 23.66 | 23.66 | -2.09 | -7 |
46 | Burkina Faso | 17.92 | 23.79 | 23.79 | +0.66 | +6 |
47 | Niger | 24.85 | 23.6 | 23.85 | -0.26 | +1 |
48 | Malta | 24.16 | 24.16 | -0.32 | +3 | |
49 | United States | 31.78 | 22.57 | 24.41 | -0.92 | -3 |
50 | Comoros | 24.52 | 24.52 | 0 | +3 | |
51 | Taiwan | 28.9 | 23.82 | 24.83 | -1.01 | -1 |
52 | Romania | 20.79 | 24.9 | 24.9 | -1.42 | -7 |
53 | Haiti | 30.45 | 23.74 | 25.08 | -1.55 | -6 |
54 | Mongolia | 25.25 | 25.25 | +5.05 | +34 | |
55 | Mauritania | 19.46 | 25.27 | 25.27 | +1.26 | +5 |
56 | Papua New Guinea | 16.09 | 25.87 | 25.87 | -2.41 | -12 |
57 | Argentina | 47.96 | 20.64 | 26.11 | -0.84 | -2 |
58 | Croatia | 24.85 | 26.12 | 26.12 | +0.7 | +7 |
59 | Malawi | 26.41 | 26.41 | +1.88 | +14 | |
60 | Republic of Korea | 16.09 | 26.55 | 26.55 | -0.89 | -3 |
61 | Japan | 26.95 | 26.95 | -0.93 | -2 | |
62 | Guyana | 27.21 | 27.21 | -0.13 | +5 | |
63 | Dominican Republic | 28.33 | 27.05 | 27.31 | -0.14 | +5 |
64 | Madagascar | 13.86 | 27.43 | 27.43 | +1.95 | +17 |
65 | Hungary | 13.86 | 27.44 | 27.44 | -0.71 | -1 |
66 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 30.91 | 26.66 | 27.51 | -0.65 | 0 |
67 | Serbia | 35.84 | 25.62 | 27.66 | -2.61 | -13 |
68 | Mauritius | 27.69 | 27.69 | 0 | +2 | |
69 | Georgia | 23.98 | 27.7 | 27.7 | +2.08 | +15 |
70 | Hong Kong | 21.97 | 27.76 | 27.76 | -1.21 | -9 |
71 | Senegal | 13.86 | 27.77 | 27.77 | -1.09 | -9 |
72 | Republic of Moldova | 34.34 | 26.23 | 27.85 | -2.5 | -16 |
73 | Italy | 43.31 | 24.09 | 27.94 | -4.19 | -24 |
74 | Nicaragua | 28.9 | 27.7 | 27.94 | -0.24 | -3 |
75 | United Republic Of Tanzania | 10.99 | 28.09 | 28.09 | -0.79 | -6 |
76 | Cyprus North | 28.33 | 28.33 | +1.21 | +7 | |
77 | Lesotho | 28.36 | 28.36 | 0 | -3 | |
78 | Armenia | 20.79 | 28.43 | 28.43 | +0.64 | 0 |
79 | Sierra Leone | 29.44 | 28.23 | 28.47 | -0.24 | -7 |
80 | Togo | 17.92 | 28.5 | 28.5 | +0.5 | -4 |
81 | Guinea-Bissau | 28.7 | 28.7 | +1.35 | +5 | |
82 | Albania | 21.97 | 28.77 | 28.77 | +1.15 | +3 |
83 | Panama | 28.98 | 28.98 | +1.22 | +4 | |
84 | Benin | 6.93 | 29.24 | 29.24 | -0.41 | -9 |
85 | Mozambique | 19.46 | 29.98 | 29.98 | -0.72 | -6 |
86 | Côte d’Ivoire | 23.98 | 30.45 | 30.45 | +1.18 | +15 |
87 | Kosovo | 21.97 | 30.63 | 30.63 | -1.34 | -7 |
88 | Kyrgyzstan | 19.46 | 30.69 | 30.69 | +0.55 | +9 |
89 | Liberia | 20.79 | 30.78 | 30.78 | -0.13 | 0 |
90 | Kuwait | 31.35 | 30.71 | 30.84 | -0.13 | +1 |
91 | Greece | 13.86 | 31.01 | 31.01 | +0.32 | +8 |
92 | Peru | 37.38 | 29.67 | 31.21 | +0.49 | +12 |
93 | Fiji | 6.93 | 31.28 | 31.28 | +1.29 | +14 |
94 | Bolivia | 35.55 | 30.22 | 31.29 | -0.25 | 0 |
95 | Gabon | 26.39 | 31.38 | 31.38 | -0.06 | +3 |
96 | Seychelles | 31.55 | 31.55 | +0.13 | +7 | |
97 | Uganda | 37.61 | 30.16 | 31.65 | +1.64 | +13 |
98 | Lebanon | 23.98 | 31.81 | 31.81 | +0.08 | +8 |
99 | Brazil | 56.56 | 25.77 | 31.93 | +2.1 | +12 |
100 | Kenya | 34.66 | 31.42 | 32.07 | -1.37 | -10 |
101 | Israel | 54.55 | 26.47 | 32.09 | -0.9 | -5 |
102 | Guinea | 56.2 | 26.65 | 32.56 | -0.89 | 0 |
103 | Timor-Leste | 32.63 | 32.63 | -3.59 | -26 | |
104 | Bhutan | 32.65 | 32.65 | -1.92 | -12 | |
105 | Nepal | 42.48 | 30.27 | 32.71 | +3.45 | +15 |
106 | Bulgaria | 20.79 | 32.91 | 32.91 | -1.49 | -6 |
107 | Republic of the Congo | 16.09 | 33 | 33 | -3.56 | -25 |
108 | Ecuador | 39.51 | 32.19 | 33.65 | -2.49 | -13 |
109 | Paraguay | 52.31 | 29.1 | 33.74 | -1.93 | -4 |
110 | Central African | 52.93 | 29.07 | 33.84 | -0.71 | -1 |
111 | Nigeria | 45 | 31.36 | 34.09 | +0.15 | +1 |
112 | Maldives | 28.9 | 34.32 | 34.32 | -1.21 | -4 |
113 | Zambia | 17.92 | 34.35 | 34.35 | -3.46 | -20 |
114 | Montenegro | 13.86 | 34.63 | 34.63 | +0.15 | 0 |
115 | Qatar | 10.99 | 35.35 | 35.35 | -1.03 | -2 |
116 | Tajikistan | 37.38 | 35.89 | 36.19 | -1.33 | -1 |
117 | Macedonia | 16.09 | 36.26 | 36.26 | +0.17 | +6 |
118 | Mali | 51.93 | 32.43 | 36.33 | -0.04 | +4 |
119 | Algeria | 31.35 | 36.63 | 36.63 | -0.37 | +2 |
120 | United Arab Emirates | 34.34 | 36.73 | 36.73 | -0.7 | -2 |
121 | Brunei Darussalam | 36.76 | 36.76 | -1.31 | -4 | |
122 | Afghanistan | 61.57 | 31.4 | 37.44 | -0.37 | +6 |
123 | Angola | 6.93 | 37.84 | 37.84 | -1.34 | +1 |
124 | Guatemala | 48.44 | 35.29 | 37.92 | -1.31 | +1 |
125 | South Sudan | 28.33 | 38.04 | 38.04 | -1.99 | -6 |
126 | Tunisia | 49.45 | 35.99 | 38.68 | +0.01 | +7 |
127 | Oman | 16.09 | 38.83 | 38.83 | 0 | +7 |
128 | Colombia | 55.53 | 34.96 | 39.08 | -2.4 | -2 |
129 | Ukraine | 73.17 | 30.18 | 39.1 | -2.17 | -2 |
130 | Morocco | 20.79 | 39.19 | 39.19 | +0.53 | +6 |
131 | Zimbabwe | 31.78 | 39.19 | 39.19 | 0 | +4 |
132 | Honduras | 60.64 | 33.93 | 39.27 | -2.13 | -3 |
133 | Cameroon | 27.08 | 39.63 | 39.63 | -1.5 | -2 |
134 | Thailand | 54.25 | 36.52 | 40.07 | -2.13 | -4 |
135 | Chad | 6.93 | 40.17 | 40.17 | +0.05 | +4 |
136 | India | 59.58 | 35.72 | 40.49 | -0.15 | +4 |
137 | Venezuela | 60.8 | 35.57 | 40.61 | -5.24 | -21 |
138 | Indonesia | 27.08 | 40.75 | 40.75 | -2.6 | -6 |
139 | Cambodia | 30.91 | 40.99 | 40.99 | -0.02 | +5 |
140 | Palestine | 52.42 | 38.16 | 41.01 | -0.9 | -2 |
141 | Philippines | 61.36 | 36.14 | 41.19 | +2.5 | +8 |
142 | Ethiopia | 64.07 | 36.28 | 41.83 | -1.25 | +1 |
143 | Jordan | 17.92 | 42.07 | 42.07 | -1.65 | -2 |
144 | Myanmar | 51.87 | 39.63 | 42.08 | -0.65 | +1 |
145 | Burundi | 17.92 | 42.93 | 42.93 | -2.43 | -3 |
146 | Bangladesh | 52.57 | 40.54 | 42.95 | -0.37 | 0 |
147 | Malaysia | 21.97 | 43.29 | 43.29 | -0.56 | 0 |
148 | Mexico | 63.19 | 38.82 | 43.69 | +1.35 | +4 |
149 | Turkey | 64.89 | 38.97 | 44.16 | +1.71 | +5 |
150 | Democratic Republic Of The Congo | 52.52 | 42.25 | 44.31 | +0.33 | +1 |
151 | Gambia | 45.64 | 44.21 | 44.5 | +1.92 | +4 |
152 | Russian Federation | 60.38 | 41.11 | 44.97 | -2.19 | -4 |
153 | Singapore | 45.87 | 45.87 | -1.58 | -3 | |
154 | Libya | 67.3 | 40.66 | 45.99 | -6.15 | -17 |
155 | Swaziland | 26.39 | 47.28 | 47.28 | -0.52 | +1 |
156 | Iraq | 72.44 | 41.59 | 47.76 | -2.32 | -3 |
157 | Belarus | 44.66 | 47.98 | 47.98 | -0.16 | 0 |
158 | Egypt | 60.98 | 47.47 | 50.17 | +1.72 | +1 |
159 | Pakistan | 64.91 | 46.85 | 50.46 | +1 | -1 |
160 | Kazakhstan | 41.11 | 53.46 | 53.46 | +1.48 | +1 |
161 | Rwanda | 33.32 | 56.57 | 56.57 | 0 | +1 |
162 | Azerbaijan | 60.5 | 57.88 | 58.41 | -5.54 | -2 |
163 | Bahrain | 57.53 | 58.69 | 58.69 | -0.43 | 0 |
164 | Saudi Arabia | 55.98 | 59.41 | 59.41 | -1.11 | 0 |
165 | Sri Lanka | 40.6 | 60.28 | 60.28 | -1.15 | 0 |
166 | Uzbekistan | 66.64 | 59.77 | 61.14 | -0.13 | 0 |
167 | Equatorial Guinea | 13.86 | 66.23 | 66.23 | +1.72 | +1 |
168 | Yemen | 51.65 | 66.36 | 66.36 | +0.9 | -1 |
169 | Cuba | 52.26 | 70.21 | 70.21 | +0.71 | +1 |
170 | Djibouti | 25.65 | 71.04 | 71.04 | -0.7 | -1 |
171 | Lao People’s Democratic Republic | 56.02 | 71.25 | 71.25 | -0.03 | 0 |
172 | Somalia | 53.71 | 72.31 | 72.31 | +0.88 | +4 |
173 | Islamic Republic of Iran | 78.3 | 70.82 | 72.32 | -0.03 | 0 |
174 | Sudan | 52.68 | 72.34 | 72.34 | -0.46 | -2 |
175 | Vietnam | 74.89 | 72.06 | 72.63 | -0.27 | -1 |
176 | China | 89.64 | 69.53 | 73.55 | -0.64 | -1 |
177 | Syrian Arab Republic | 87.11 | 74.84 | 77.29 | -0.25 | 0 |
178 | Turkmenistan | 10.99 | 80.83 | 80.83 | -0.02 | 0 |
179 | Democratic People’s Republic of Korea | 51.87 | 83.25 | 83.25 | -1.29 | 0 |
180 | Eritrea | 31.78 | 84.86 | 84.86 | -0.03 | 0 |